-
1 Lippman, Gabriel
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 16 August 1845 Hallerick, Luxembourgd. 14 July 1921 at sea, in the North Atlantic[br]French physicist who developed interference colour photography.[br]Born of French parents, Lippman's work began with a distinguished career in classics, philosophy, mathematics and physics at the Ecole Normale in Luxembourg. After further studies in physics at Heidelberg University, he returned to France and the Sorbonne, where he was in 1886 appointed Director of Physics. He was a leading pioneer in France of research into electricity, optics, heat and other branches of physics.In 1886 he conceived the idea of recording the existence of standing waves in light when it is reflected back on itself, by photographing the colours so produced. This required the production of a photographic emulsion that was effectively grainless: the individual silver halide crystals had to be smaller than the shortest wavelength of light to be recorded. Lippman succeeded in this and in 1891 demonstrated his process. A glass plate was coated with a grainless emulsion and held in a special plate-holder, glass towards the lens. The back of the holder was filled with mercury, which provided a perfect reflector when in contact with the emulsion. The standing waves produced during the exposure formed laminae in the emulsion, with the number of laminae being determined by the wavelength of the incoming light at each point on the image. When the processed plate was viewed under the correct lighting conditions, a theoretically exact reproduction of the colours of the original subject could be seen. However, the Lippman process remained a beautiful scientific demonstration only, since the ultra-fine-grain emulsion was very slow, requiring exposure times of over 10,000 times that of conventional negative material. Any method of increasing the speed of the emulsion also increased the grain size and destroyed the conditions required for the process to work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Photographic Society Progress Medal 1897. Nobel Prize (for his work in interference colour photography) 1908.Further ReadingJ.S.Friedman, 1944, History of Colour Photography, Boston.Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.BC -
2 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
См. также в других словарях:
Lippman, Gabriel — (1845–1921) French physicist and Nobel laureate, 1953. Lippman was in 1883 appointed professor of probability and mathematical physics at the Sorbonne. As a result of his work on electro capillarity and colour photography, Lippman was awarded… … Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament
Gabriel Lippman — Gabriel Lippmann Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lippmann. Gabriel Lippmann Naissance … Wikipédia en Français
Lippman — ist der Name folgender Personen: Gabriel Hirsch Lippman (1805–1864), Distriktsrabbiner von Bad Kissingen Laura Lippman (* 1959), US amerikanische Schriftstellerin und Journalistin Siehe auch: Lippmann Liepmann … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gabriel Jonas Lippmann — Gabriel Lippmann Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lippmann. Gabriel Lippmann Naissance … Wikipédia en Français
Gabriel Lippmann — (1908) Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel [1] Lippmann (* 16. August 1845 in Bonneweg (Bonnevoie) [2], damals Gemeinde Hollerich, Luxemburg; † 13. Juli 1921 … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gabriel Mann — est un acteur américain, né le 14 mai 1972 à New Haven, dans le Connecticut (États Unis). Filmographie 1995 : Parallel Sons, de John G. Young 1995 : Stonewall, de Nigel Finch 1996 : I Shot Andy Warhol, de Mary Harron 1996 :… … Wikipédia en Français
Gabriel Hirsch Lippman — Friedmann Gabriel Hirsch (Gavrîʼēl Hîrš Naphtali) Lippman, auch Lippmann oder Lipmann (* 1805 in Memmelsdorf; † 21. Mai 1864 in Bad Kissingen)[1] war von 1852 bis 1864 Rabbiner des Distriktsrabbinats Bad Kissingen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gabriel Lippmann — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lippmann. Gabriel Lippmann Naissance 16 août 1845 Bonnevoie (Luxemb … Wikipédia en Français
Gabriel Lippmann — Infobox Scientist name = Gabriel Lippmann image width = 200px birth date = birth date|1845|8|16|mf=y birth place = Hollerich, Luxembourg death date = death date and age|1921|7|13|1845|8|16 death place = SS France , Atlantic Ocean nationality =… … Wikipedia
Монеты Государства Израиль — Первая монета Государства Израиль 25 миллей В список монет Государства Израиль вошли все имевшие хождение серии … Википедия
Marie Curie — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Curie. Marie Skłodowska Curie Photo de Marie Skłodowska Curie vers 1920. Naissance … Wikipédia en Français